Valves monitor the flow of blood between each chamber of the heart. When a valve is defective, it cannot restrict the blood from surging into or out of the chamber. Valves that function improperly permit leakage (regurgitation) if it refuses to close and if they become narrowed/tight (stenotic). Either of these conditions place tremendous strain on the heart muscle.

There are several different types of open-heart valve replacement procedures. Tissue valve replacement removes a damaged valve and replaces it with a pig or cow valve. These valves have been chemically processed for transplantation from the animal to the patient. The human body has shown to respond positively to this procedure because of the similarities in tissue structure. The disadvantage, however, is that the animal valve is not as durable than human valves and is more susceptible to calcification.

The mechanical valve is a man-made valve placed in the heart. The device is constructed of metals, plastics and/or carbon ceramics. The device is attached to the tissue by a fabric ring. These valves are extremely durable. However, the body has a tendency to reject the device and may also cause blood clots. These patients must take anticoagulants for the rest of their lives to guard against these complications.

Human donor valves are the best option for valve replacement, but the supply of donor valves is limited.

If you are in need of valve repair or replacement, call (212) 420-2584 to make an appointment for a consultation with our surgeons.